The paper industry has always occupied an important position in China's industry and is closely related to the development of China's national economy. In the papermaking process, a large amount of wood, water, electricity, chemicals and other products are consumed. In recent years, China's paper industry has developed rapidly, but the environmental protection pressure is not small, and the task of pollution prevention and control is also very arduous. Compared with Japan, North America, Europe and other paper powers, the gap is larger in terms of ideology and actual governance. . According to the characteristics of China's paper industry, this paper discusses how to promote the development of circular economy in China's paper industry.
The paper industry has always occupied an important position in China's industry. It is an important basic raw material industry closely related to the development of the national economy and social undertakings. The paper industry is a capital- intensive industry with a high capital intensity. At the same time, the paper industry integrates modern engineering, large-scale high-speed machinery and computer automatic control systems, and is also a typical technology-intensive industry. The scale economy benefits of the paper industry are very prominent, and the scale production requirements are very high. The usual scale production capacity starts at at least 300,000 tons for pulp mills and at least 150,000 tons for paper mills. In the papermaking process, paper companies need to consume a large amount of wood, chemicals, water and electricity, etc., which consumes the most wood. In the total global wood consumption, paper consumption accounts for about 12%. Taking the production of coated paper as an example, papermaking enterprises need to consume 4 -5 cubic meters of wood for every ton of coated paper. In other countries such as Japan, where the paper industry is developed, the paper industry is also an energy- consuming industry, and its energy consumption is equivalent to about 5% of the total energy consumption of Japan's manufacturing industry. China's paper industry uses raw materials such as wood, bamboo and reed, and recycled paper such as waste paper as raw materials. These raw materials can partially replace non-renewable resources such as plastics, steel and non-ferrous metals. They are sustainable in the national economy and can be recycled. An important industry of the economy. In recent years, China's paper industry has developed rapidly, but the environmental protection pressure is not small, and the task of pollution prevention and control is also very arduous. Compared with Japan, North America, Europe and other paper powers, the gap is larger in terms of ideology and actual governance.
As a new development model, circular economy can fundamentally solve the contradiction between development economy and resource environment. The development of circular economy is the basic national policy to implement resource conservation and environmental protection, and is an important way to build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society and achieve sustainable development. Through the implementation of circular economy, it can effectively solve the two major problems of raw material supply and environmental pollution currently faced by China's paper industry. The continuous improvement of the national environmental protection intensity requires us to change the original extensive growth mode of the industry at the expense of the environment and the destruction of resources, and turn to the circular economy development model focusing on the conservation and rational use of energy and resources. The real benefits of the problem can be obtained.
The scale of China's paper industry enterprises is generally small. Among the products produced, the proportion of medium and high-grade products is not high. The proportion of wood pulp contained in products is low. At the same time, there are environmental pollution problems in the production process. Get a fundamental change. China's paper industry needs to carry out large-scale industrial restructuring, which will inevitably bring new opportunities for vigorously promoting the circular economy. The main raw materials for the paper industry are plant fibers that can be artificially cultivated and regenerated, and the production resources can be recycled in large quantities. Therefore, the paper industry is a sustainable and environmentally friendly industry with high economic returns. According to statistics, Japan's waste paper recycling rate reached 78%, Germany's waste paper recycling rate as high as 83%, the recycling rate of old newspapers and magazines abandoned in Finnish cities is nearly 100%, compared to China's waste paper recycling The rate is only 30%. According to relevant information, as countries around the world are increasing the amount of waste paper, new paper machines using waste paper as raw materials are also increasing. The availability of waste paper in the international market is relatively decreasing. Therefore, we must solve the waste in China as soon as possible. Paper recycling rate, utilization rate and other issues.
First of all, papermaking enterprises should set up waste paper recycling points in production and living areas, and actively expand the use of domestic and foreign waste paper (secondary fiber) resources to achieve efficient recycling and reuse of waste, saving natural resources. Waste paper is known as the forest resource in the city. Recycling 1 ton of waste paper can produce 0.8 tons of recycled papermaking fiber, which is equivalent to cutting 17 large trees and saving 3 cubic meters of landfill space. It can save more than half of paper energy and 35% of water resources. Papermaking is a typical large-industry and large-out industry. The amount of waste and by-products generated in the pulping and papermaking process is very alarming. For recyclable paper products, it is necessary to vigorously develop waste treatment technology and improve its recycling utilization rate; For low-cycle paper products, we should step up technological innovation, improve production technology, and strive to solve the difficulties in recycling and utilization with high technology.
For example, Shandong Chenming Paper Co., Ltd. has strengthened the comprehensive utilization of resources in recent years and vigorously developed a circular economy. According to media reports, in recent years, Chenming Company has carried out uninterrupted pollution control technology transformation, and through the recycling of waste, constitutes a circular economy system of “resource resources renewable resources”. For example, the use of coal ash, coal slag to produce cement and building materials, the use of paper sludge fertilizer and incineration power generation, white mud desulfurization.
In addition to Shandong Chenming Paper, there are other paper companies that benefit from the circular economy. Hunan Tiger Green Paper Group spent millions of dollars on waste and by-products every year. After that, they changed their mindset and turned the treatment cost into an investment in comprehensive utilization of waste. The new economic growth point and profit growth point of the enterprise. In the late 1990s, Tai Gelin paper was also a large-scale air pollution control project in Yueyang City, Hunan Province. After that, they invested more than 20 million yuan to build a comprehensive utilization project of fly ash, using cement clinker and fly ash to produce fly ash. Portland cement has turned waste into treasure, solved the pollution problem, and also obtained huge benefits, and achieved the recycling of resources.
Second, paper companies should focus on reducing water resources as a circular economy. The paper industry consumes a lot of water in the pulp and papermaking process, and because of the industry's need to develop free paper forests, the amount of water required is also enormous. China's current annual water consumption is 450 billion cubic meters, and the per capita water consumption is 2,200 cubic meters, which is about 30% of the world's per capita water consumption. The annual water shortage in cities and industries is 5.8 billion cubic meters. The serious shortage of water resources, the paper industry festival should reduce water consumption as the focus of the circular economy, in urban planning areas, water scarcity areas and water-free environmentally sensitive areas and other environmentally sensitive areas, no longer allocate large water consumption Pulping companies. For new projects, water conservation measures should be adopted to increase the recycling of sewage. For the old paper industry enterprises, it is necessary to use pollution control as an opportunity to promote the use of water- saving technologies and equipment to reduce water consumption. In the process of pulping and papermaking, various new technologies, new processes and new equipment can be used to achieve high recycling of production water, greatly reducing the amount of clean water, and even some products and production lines can achieve zero discharge of wastewater.
Again, rational use of non-wood fiber raw materials. China's papermaking enterprises must follow the path of Chinese characteristics and independent innovation. China lacks papermaking raw materials at present. It is impossible for papermaking enterprises to eliminate straw pulp in a short period of time. Therefore, it is necessary to boldly use new processes, new technologies and new equipment to solve non-wood fiber raw materials. The problem of pollution, improve the utilization of non-wood fiber resources, and achieve the goal of “no pollution, less pollution” of grass fiber pulping, and open up a new way for China's paper industry to achieve clean production, sustainable development and circular development.
Finally, accelerate the construction of “integration of forestry and paper” and take the road of “ecological recycling”. The so-called recycling uses two types of large cycles of forest-paper combination and small recycling of waste paper. These two cycles constitute the complete chain of recycling of paper materials, which guarantees the sustainable development of the paper industry. The paper industry belongs to the fiber resource-constrained industry. The raw material structure determines the quality and grade of China's paper products. China's paper industry is highly dependent on foreign countries. At present, China has become the world's largest importer of primary pulp and waste paper. In the raw material composition of China's papermaking, the proportion of non-wood pulp will gradually decline, the ratio of wood pulp will increase, and the constraints of industry development are further obvious. The bottleneck of raw materials restricts the development of China's paper industry. We must change the non-wood fiber raw materials to wood fiber raw materials, vigorously carry out artificial afforestation, scientifically cultivate fast-growing and high-yield forests, and establish a reliable pulp and paper raw material forest base. The forestry and paper business is integrated, and the forestry and paper are booming. The integration of forestry and paper is a development model commonly used in the paper industry in the world today. More than 95% of the world's pulp is wood pulp. At present, global papermaking wood accounts for 14.4% of total wood harvesting. Many forest industry powers are also paper industry powers. International large-scale pulp and paper enterprises build fast- growing and high-yield raw material forest bases in various forms, and combine afforestation, forest management, harvesting, pulping, papermaking and sales. They generally attach importance to the combination management of forestry and paper industry, forming a benign A cyclical industrial chain.
To make pace with the development of circular economy, papermaking enterprises should adhere to the scientific development concept, change the growth mode, enhance the awareness of industry and corporate social responsibility, and strictly implement the state's laws and regulations on environmental protection, resource conservation, labor security, and safe production. Only in this way can we gradually establish a new model for the development of paper industry with resource conservation, environmental friendliness and harmonious development, and achieve the goal of technologically innovative green paper industry.
